Triticale and barley microspore embryogenesis induction requires both reactive oxygen species generation and efficient system of antioxidative defence

Abstract The effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis (ME) is determined by a complex network internal and environmental factors. In the present study on triticale barley, strong positive correlation (r = 0.85) between generation hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ) ME confirmed important role reactive oxygen species in reprogramming. However, for high induction, intensive H had to be associated with activity antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase catalase. seasonal effect physiological status microspores revealed suggests kind ‘biological clock’ controlling plant reproduction, crucial viability embryogenic potential. Although various modifications ME-inducing stress tiller pre-treatment was mainly condition microspores, at higher intensity effects induced antioxidant molecules—reduced glutathione its precursor, l -2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid—were observed. High level variation response also two DH lines cultivars barley among isolated from subsequently developed spikes.